Note: The voltage values need to be worked out, and the simple device here may not represent what’s in real computers, but on a simple level, it comes close.
The link beneath this paragraph will take you to a diagram of a NOT Gate. When there’s no voltage ( or current ) applied to the input of a NOT Gate, the semiconductor portion of the circuit ( pink circle in the center ) does not conduct electricity, and current is unable to pass from VCC to GND ( the ground symbol is beneath the round semiconductor region ). Therefore, electricity must travel to the right. When a voltage ( or current ) IS applied to the circuitry as input, the semiconductor conducts, and the current IS able to pass from VCC to GND.
https://www.101computing.net/from-transistors-to-micro-processors/transistor-not-gate/
Now imagine that we have two NOT Gates lined up side-by-side, and each one has a single input wire, but now, both NOT Gates have two conductive OUTPUT wires attached to the region beneath the semiconductor ( round ) region and slightly above GND. One of the two wires leaving each NOT Gate is covered with blue insulation ( with the exception of stripped ends ). The second wire leaving each NOT Gate is covered in red insulation. We now have a blue and red wire output pair leaving each of the two NOT Gates.
Recall that no electricity will fall to ground ( GND ) when a low voltage ( or current ) is applied to either NOT Gate input. Since the blue and red output wires coming from each NOT Gate are located beneath the rounded semiconductor region of the diagram, they will not conduct electricity in their current state if inputs upstream of the semiconductor region are zero. However, if additional NOT Gates are placed downstream along each of the two blue-labeled wires in our circuitry, the blue wires will now give us HIGH output values of ( 1 ) when no voltage ( or current ) enters either of the main inputs; with a ( 00 ) input, the red wires do not conduct, but the blue wires will.
Notice that there are four input possibilities for incoming voltage ( or current ): 00, 01, 10, and 11. RECALL THAT A NOT GATE WAS PLACED ON EACH BLUE OUTPUT WIRE LEAVING EACH NOT Gate, BUT THE RED WIRES WERE LEFT ALONE. Thus, ( 00 ) would cause no current to conduct in the red wires; however, since NOT Gates were placed on each blue output wire, the blue wires WOULD provide an electric current to anything downstream of their NOT Gates. For this reason, if we want to control a light bulb, robot, missile, eavesdropping device, or whatever has two input wires that supply it with electricity, and we want to control our device or devices with a ( 00 ) input, we would pair one input with the blue wire on one of the NOT Gates, and we’d attach the remaining input to the other blue wire on the other NOT Gate. AS WE WILL SEE, ORDER OF ATTACHMENT IS VERY IMPORTANT!
Let’s now assume that one of our inputs is low ( 0 ) and the other one is high ( 1 ). The NOT Gate with the ( 0 ) input would have a blue wire that conducts. The NOT Gate with the ( 1 ) input would have a red wire that conducts. For this reason, a ( 01 ) input could be used to control a two-input robotic shark remotely by connecting one of its two inputs to the blue-labeled wire of the ( 0 ) input NOT Gate, and we’d connect the remaining input onto the red-labeled wire of the NOT Gate with a ( 1 ) input. Our spy shark, eagle, dragonfly, alligator, snake ( or whatever else ) would thus be controlled with a ( 01 ) input.
A ( 10 ) input into our pair of NOT Gates would cause current to flow in the red wire of the NOT Gate with the ( 1 ) input, and current would flow through the blue wire of the ( 0 ) input NOT gate. Thus, if an infrared laser listening device controlled by two input wires would have one input wire soldered to the red wire of the ( 1 ) input NOT Gate, and the other input wire would be soldered to the blue wire of the ( 0 ) input NOT Gate.
Finally, if there is a ( 11 ) input into our system, the blue-labeled output wires would be turned off in each of the two NOT Gates, and the red-labeled output wires would be ” hot “. Thus, a light bulb that we want to control with a ( 11 ) input into our pair of NOT Gates would have both of its inputs soldered to the red-labeled wire outputs.
Finally, we could construct a spinning wheel with pairs of magnetic dots lined up side-by-side and positioned perpendicular to their motion on the wheel. A magnetic dot represents a ( 1 ), but an unmagnetized dot represents a ( 0 ). Let’s also assume that the pairs of dots ( 1s or 0s ) have the ability to induce a current ( or no current ) when they move past the two-input region of our pair of NOT Gates. A programmer arranges pairs of magnets together on the disc that have a 00, 01, 10, or 11 configurations. If these magnetic sequences were changeable, they’d represent the software in a computer, and they’d be changed in accordance to whatever sequence we wanted our controlled devices to respond to. The above scenario, however, is akin to how permanent hardware computer architecture is designed ( or perhaps once was designed many decades ago ).
RENAISSANCE PHYSICS 