Q: What is the total current ( IT ) and voltage ( V3 ) across resistor R3? A: In order to begin evaluating the circuit from the vantage point of Vs1, we place a short across Vs2 : Within this circuit, negatively charged electrons move upward and across the R3 resistor towards the positively chargedContinue reading “INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRONICS: The Superposition Theorem“
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INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRONICS: The Superposition Theorem
Q: How much current flows across R2? What is the voltage drop across R2? A: We begin by evaluating the circuit from two points of view: Vs1 and Vs2. In order to begin our journey, the Vs2 voltage source is shorted: From the vantage point of Vs1, resistor R1 is in series with resistors R2Continue reading “INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRONICS: The Superposition Theorem“
INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRONICS: The Superposition Theorem
Most of the circuits we’ve encountered thus far contain a single voltage ( V ) source that provides current ( I ) to the system. Suppose, however, that a current determination must be made for the following dual-voltage circuit type: The presence of two voltage sources eliminates any series-parallel relationships that would exist between theContinue reading “INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRONICS: The Superposition Theorem“
INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRONICS: A Conceptual Analysis of Thevenin’s Theorem
A physical system would be meaningless without an observer. Conclusions about electrical systems are oftentimes made from the vantage point of the source ( Vs ), but this need not be the case. If a portion of a circuit is “ opened “, an observer can view the source and other components from the newlyContinue reading “INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRONICS: A Conceptual Analysis of Thevenin’s Theorem“
INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRONICS: The Unbalanced Wheatstone Bridge and Sensor Technology
A transducer is an electronic device that measures physical parameters such as mechanical strain, pressure, optical density, and/or temperature. If temperature is being measured, an instrument called a thermistor acts as a variable resistor at the R1 location of a Wheatstone bridge. At a known neutral temperature, a zero reference voltage ( Vout ) valueContinue reading “INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRONICS: The Unbalanced Wheatstone Bridge and Sensor Technology“
INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRONICS: Voltage Divider Principle in Series-Parallel Circuits
The voltage-divider formula is expressed as follows: Vx = ( Rx / RT )( Vs ) This formula is used to determine how series resistors ( R ) split voltage drops apart as current passes through them. The net voltage drop across a series circuit’s resistors is always ( ignoring small losses ) equal toContinue reading “INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRONICS: Voltage Divider Principle in Series-Parallel Circuits“
INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRONICS: Parallel Circuits
In the study of parallel resistor ( Rx ) circuits, where “ x “ is the number of a particular resistor ( x = 1, 2, 3, … n ), a common point of confusion regards how the total resistance ( Rt ) of the circuit is always less than the lowest calculated resistor value.Continue reading “INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRONICS: Parallel Circuits“
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