Q: A 0.2 m container is full of a fluid of unknown density ( ρ ). A spigot at the bottom of the container is opened to allow fluid to flow at an unknown velocity ( v ) onto the ground. With what velocity will the fluid flow through the spigot? A: In a separateContinue reading “FLUIDS: Potential Energy, Kinetic Energy, Momentum, and Torricelli’s Theorem”
Tag Archives: Pressure
FLUIDS: Torricelli’s Theorem and the Conservation of Energy
The Law of Conservation of Energy states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but it does have the ability to change forms. Take for example an object of mass ( m ) that has been raised to some arbitrary height ( h ). The work ( W ) done on the object isContinue reading “FLUIDS: Torricelli’s Theorem and the Conservation of Energy”
FLUIDS: Pascal’s Principle, Conservation of Mass, and Conservation of Energy
Like all other systems, fluids that travel within closed systems abide by all of the laws of physics. This claim can be validated via mathematical derivations that begin with Pascal’s principle. In short, Pascal’s principle states that a change in pressure within a fluid is equally distributed throughout a system provided that the fluid isContinue reading “FLUIDS: Pascal’s Principle, Conservation of Mass, and Conservation of Energy”
SOLIDS: Stress
In a previous question-and-answer sequence, the spring constant ( k ) for a car’s shock absorbers was determined. Interestingly enough, when the net force exerted by all four shock absorbers was determined, an entirely different spring constant of ( k’ ) was derived. Why would the fraction of the system’s net force ( ¼ FsContinue reading “SOLIDS: Stress”
INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRONICS: The Unbalanced Wheatstone Bridge and Sensor Technology
A transducer is an electronic device that measures physical parameters such as mechanical strain, pressure, optical density, and/or temperature. If temperature is being measured, an instrument called a thermistor acts as a variable resistor at the R1 location of a Wheatstone bridge. At a known neutral temperature, a zero reference voltage ( Vout ) valueContinue reading “INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRONICS: The Unbalanced Wheatstone Bridge and Sensor Technology“
INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRONICS: The Balanced Wheatstone Bridge
The voltage ( V ) drops across parallel-circuit resistors ( R ) are equal in magnitude; conversely, the currents ( I ) traveling through parallel branches may or may not be the same. For this reason, parallel circuits are sometimes referred to as being current dividers. Take the following diagram into consideration: Since the R1Continue reading “INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRONICS: The Balanced Wheatstone Bridge“
GAS LAWS: Boltzmann’s Constant
In previous circumstances, a known quantity of an ideal gas in moles ( n ) was shown to influence a volume of space in accordance with the Ideal Gas Law ( PV = nRT ). It is useful, however, to be able to determine the number of molecules ( N ) of a gas thatContinue reading “GAS LAWS: Boltzmann’s Constant”
RENAISSANCE PHYSICS 